Which type of building is characterized by very thick and heavy walls that support all structural components?

The correct answer is Load-Bearing Masonry. This type of building utilizes very thick and heavy masonry walls to support all structural components, including floors and roofs. In load-bearing masonry construction, the walls bear the weight of the structure, which allows for a solid and robust form. The thick walls are not just for structural support but also provide thermal mass, helping to regulate indoor temperatures, and they contribute to the durability of the building.

In contrast, frame buildings rely on a skeletal frame to support the structure, where the walls are not primarily load-bearing. Steel structures use steel beams and columns for support, allowing for taller buildings without the need for heavy walls. Wooden cabins usually employ a lighter frame construction with wooden components that do not require the same thickness or weight-based support as load-bearing masonry. Each of these alternatives serves different design and structural purposes, highlighting the unique characteristics of load-bearing masonry buildings.