Which particles are responsible for the negative charge in electrical flow?

The particles responsible for the negative charge in electrical flow are electrons. Electrons are subatomic particles that carry a fundamental negative charge, which enables them to move and create electric current. In electrical circuits, it is the flow of electrons that constitutes the electric current, as they move from areas of negative potential to areas of positive potential.

Understanding this is crucial for grasping basic electrical concepts, as protons carry a positive charge and are typically found within the nucleus of an atom. Neutrons are neutral particles, meaning they have no charge and do not contribute to electrical flow. Ions can carry either a positive or negative charge depending on the number of electrons they have compared to protons, but in the context of conventional electrical current, it is specifically the negatively charged electrons that are primarily responsible for the flow of electricity.